java.lang.Object
- freemarker.template.utility.StringUtil

```
public class StringUtil
extends Object
```
Some text related utilities.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

StringUtil()

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`static String`	`capitalize(String s)`
`static String`	`chomp(String s)`	Removes the line-break from the end of the string.
`static Locale`	`deduceLocale(String input)`
`static String`	`emptyToNull(String s)`	Converts a 0-length string to null, leaves the string as is otherwise.
`static String`	`ftlQuote(String s)`	Creates a quoted FTL string literal from a string, using escaping where necessary.
`static String`	`FTLStringLiteralDec(String s)`	FTL string literal decoding.
`static String`	`FTLStringLiteralEnc(String s)`	Escapes a string according the FTL string literal escaping rules; it doesn't add the quotation marks.
`static String`	`FTLStringLiteralEnc(String s, char quotation)`	Escapes a string according the FTL string literal escaping rules, assuming the literal is quoted with `quotation`; it doesn't add the quotation marks itself.
`static boolean`	`getYesNo(String s)`
`static String`	`HTMLEnc(String s)`	Deprecated. Use `XHTMLEnc(String)` instead, because it escapes apostrophe-quote too.
`static boolean`	`isFTLIdentifierPart(char c)`	Tells if a character can occur in an FTL identifier expression (without escaping) as other than the first character.
`static boolean`	`isFTLIdentifierStart(char c)`	Tells if a character can occur on the beginning of an FTL identifier expression (without escaping).
`static boolean`	`isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text)`	Tells if `String.trim()` will return a 0-length string for the `String` equivalent of the argument.
`static boolean`	`isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text, int start)`	Like `isTrimmableToEmpty(char[])`, but acts on a sub-array that starts at `start` (inclusive index).
`static boolean`	`isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text, int start, int end)`	Like `isTrimmableToEmpty(char[])`, but acts on a sub-array that starts at `start` (inclusive index) and ends at `end` (exclusive index).
`static boolean`	`isXMLID(String name)`
`static String`	`javaScriptStringEnc(String s)`	Escapes a `String` to be safely insertable into a JavaScript string literal; for more see `jsStringEnc(s, false)`.
`static String`	`javaStringEnc(String s)`	Escapes the `String` with the escaping rules of Java language string literals, so it's safe to insert the value into a string literal.
`static String`	`jQuote(Object obj)`	Converts the parameter with `toString` (if it's not `null`) and passes it to `jQuote(String)`.
`static String`	`jQuote(String s)`	Quotes string as Java Language string literal.
`static String`	`jQuoteNoXSS(Object obj)`	Converts the parameter with `toString` (if not `null`)and passes it to `jQuoteNoXSS(String)`.
`static String`	`jQuoteNoXSS(String s)`	Same as `jQuoteNoXSS(String)` but also escapes `'<'` as `\u003C`.
`static String`	`jsonStringEnc(String s)`	Escapes a `String` to be safely insertable into a JSON string literal; for more see `jsStringEnc(s, true)`.
`static String`	`jsStringEnc(String s, boolean json)`	Escapes a `String` to be safely insertable into a JavaScript or a JSON string literal.
`static String`	`leftPad(String s, int minLength)`	Pads the string at the left with spaces until it reaches the desired length.
`static String`	`leftPad(String s, int minLength, char filling)`	Pads the string at the left with the specified character until it reaches the desired length.
`static String`	`leftPad(String s, int minLength, String filling)`	Pads the string at the left with a filling pattern until it reaches the desired length.
`static boolean`	`matchesName(String qname, String nodeName, String nsURI, Environment env)`
`static Map`	`parseNameValuePairList(String s, String defaultValue)`	Parses a name-value pair list, where the pairs are separated with comma, and the name and value is separated with colon.
`static String`	`replace(String text, String oldSub, String newSub)`	Same as `replace(String, String, String, boolean, boolean)` with two `false` parameters.
`static String`	`replace(String text, String oldsub, String newsub, boolean caseInsensitive, boolean firstOnly)`	Replaces all occurrences of a sub-string in a string.
`static String`	`rightPad(String s, int minLength)`	Pads the string at the right with spaces until it reaches the desired length.
`static String`	`rightPad(String s, int minLength, char filling)`	Pads the string at the right with the specified character until it reaches the desired length.
`static String`	`rightPad(String s, int minLength, String filling)`	Pads the string at the right with a filling pattern until it reaches the desired length.
`static String`	`RTFEnc(String s)`	Rich Text Format encoding (does not replace line breaks).
`static String[]`	`split(String s, char c)`	Splits a string at the specified character.
`static String[]`	`split(String s, String sep, boolean caseInsensitive)`	Splits a string at the specified string.
`static String`	`toLowerABC(int n)`	Same as `toUpperABC(int)`, but produces lower case result, like `"ab"`.
`static String`	`toUpperABC(int n)`	Converts `1`, `2`, `3` and so forth to `"A"`, `"B"`, `"C"` and so fort.
`static char[]`	`trim(char[] cs)`	Behaves exactly like `String.trim()`, but works on arrays.
`static String`	`tryToString(Object object)`	Tries to run `toString()`, but if that fails, returns a `"[com.example.SomeClass.toString() failed: " + e + "]"` instead.
`static String`	`URLEnc(String s, String charset)`	URL encoding (like%20this) for query parameter values, path segments, fragments; this encodes all characters that are reserved anywhere.
`static String`	`URLPathEnc(String s, String charset)`	Like `URLEnc(String, String)` but doesn't escape the slash character (`/`).
`static int`	`versionStringToInt(String version)`	Converts a version number string to an integer for easy comparison.
`static String`	`XHTMLEnc(String s)`	XHTML Encoding.
`static String`	`XMLEnc(String s)`	XML Encoding.
`static String`	`XMLEncNA(String s)`	XML encoding without replacing apostrophes.
`static String`	`XMLEncNQG(String s)`	XML encoding without replacing apostrophes and quotation marks and greater-thans (except in `]]>`).
`static String`	`XMLEncQAttr(String s)`	XML encoding for attributes values quoted with `"` (not with `'`!).

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail
- StringUtil
```
public StringUtil()
```

Method Detail

HTMLEnc
```
public static String HTMLEnc(String s)
```
Deprecated.
Use XHTMLEnc(String) instead, because it escapes apostrophe-quote too.

HTML encoding (does not convert line breaks and apostrophe-quote). Replaces all '>' '<' '&' and '"' with entity reference, but not "'" (apostrophe-quote). The last is not escaped as back then when this was written some user agents didn't understood "'" nor "'".

XMLEnc
```
public static String XMLEnc(String s)
```
XML Encoding. Replaces all '>' '<' '&', "'" and '"' with entity reference

XHTMLEnc
```
public static String XHTMLEnc(String s)
```
XHTML Encoding. Replaces all '>' '<' '&', "'" and '"' with entity reference suitable for XHTML decoding in common user agents (including legacy user agents, which do not decode "'" to "'", so "'" is used instead [see http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#C_16])

XMLEncNA
```
public static String XMLEncNA(String s)
```
XML encoding without replacing apostrophes.

See Also:

XMLEnc(String)

XMLEncQAttr
```
public static String XMLEncQAttr(String s)
```
XML encoding for attributes values quoted with " (not with '!). Also can be used for HTML attributes that are quoted with ".

See Also:

XMLEnc(String)

XMLEncNQG
```
public static String XMLEncNQG(String s)
```
XML encoding without replacing apostrophes and quotation marks and greater-thans (except in ]]>).

See Also:

XMLEnc(String)

RTFEnc
```
public static String RTFEnc(String s)
```
Rich Text Format encoding (does not replace line breaks). Escapes all '\' '{' '}' and '"'

URLEnc

public static String URLEnc(String s,
                            String charset)
                     throws UnsupportedEncodingException

URL encoding (like%20this) for query parameter values, path segments, fragments; this encodes all characters that are reserved anywhere.

Throws:: UnsupportedEncodingException

URLPathEnc
```
public static String URLPathEnc(String s,
                                String charset)
                         throws UnsupportedEncodingException
```
Like URLEnc(String, String) but doesn't escape the slash character (/). This can be used to encode a path only if you know that no folder or file name will contain / character (not in the path, but in the name itself), which usually stands, as the commonly used OS-es don't allow that.

Throws:

UnsupportedEncodingException

Since:

2.3.21

FTLStringLiteralEnc
```
public static String FTLStringLiteralEnc(String s,
                                         char quotation)
```
Escapes a string according the FTL string literal escaping rules, assuming the literal is quoted with quotation; it doesn't add the quotation marks itself.

Parameters:

quotation - Either '"' or '\''. It's assumed that the string literal whose part we calculate is enclosed within this kind of quotation mark. Thus, the other kind of quotation character will not be escaped in the result.

Since:

2.3.22

FTLStringLiteralEnc
```
public static String FTLStringLiteralEnc(String s)
```
Escapes a string according the FTL string literal escaping rules; it doesn't add the quotation marks. As this method doesn't know if the string literal is quoted with reuglar quotation marks or apostrophe quute, it will escape both.

See Also:

FTLStringLiteralEnc(String, char)

FTLStringLiteralDec
```
public static String FTLStringLiteralDec(String s)
                                  throws ParseException
```
FTL string literal decoding. \\, \", \', \n, \t, \r, \b and \f will be replaced according to Java rules. In additional, it knows \g, \l, \a and \{ which are replaced with <, >, & and { respectively. \x works as hexadecimal character code escape. The character codes are interpreted according to UCS basic plane (Unicode). "f\x006Fo", "f\x06Fo" and "f\x6Fo" will be "foo". "f\x006F123" will be "foo123" as the maximum number of digits is 4. All other \X (where X is any character not mentioned above or End-of-string) will cause a ParseException.

Parameters:

s - String literal without the surrounding quotation marks

Returns:

String with all escape sequences resolved

Throws:

ParseException - if there string contains illegal escapes

deduceLocale

public static Locale deduceLocale(String input)

capitalize

public static String capitalize(String s)

getYesNo

public static boolean getYesNo(String s)

split

public static String[] split(String s,
                             char c)

Splits a string at the specified character.

split

public static String[] split(String s,
                             String sep,
                             boolean caseInsensitive)

Splits a string at the specified string.

replace

public static String replace(String text,
                             String oldSub,
                             String newSub)

Same as replace(String, String, String, boolean, boolean) with two false parameters.

Since:: 2.3.20

replace

public static String replace(String text,
                             String oldsub,
                             String newsub,
                             boolean caseInsensitive,
                             boolean firstOnly)

Replaces all occurrences of a sub-string in a string.

Parameters:: text - The string where it will replace oldsub with newsub.
Returns:: String The string after the replacements.

chomp
```
public static String chomp(String s)
```
Removes the line-break from the end of the string.

emptyToNull
```
public static String emptyToNull(String s)
```
Converts a 0-length string to null, leaves the string as is otherwise.

Parameters:

s - maybe null.

jQuote
```
public static String jQuote(Object obj)
```
Converts the parameter with toString (if it's not null) and passes it to jQuote(String).

jQuote
```
public static String jQuote(String s)
```
Quotes string as Java Language string literal. Returns string "null" if s is null.

jQuoteNoXSS
```
public static String jQuoteNoXSS(Object obj)
```
Converts the parameter with toString (if not null)and passes it to jQuoteNoXSS(String).

jQuoteNoXSS
```
public static String jQuoteNoXSS(String s)
```
Same as jQuoteNoXSS(String) but also escapes '<' as \u003C. This is used for log messages to prevent XSS on poorly written Web-based log viewers.

ftlQuote
```
public static String ftlQuote(String s)
```
Creates a quoted FTL string literal from a string, using escaping where necessary. The result either uses regular quotation marks (UCS 0x22) or apostrophe-quotes (UCS 0x27), depending on the string content. (Currently, apostrophe-quotes will be chosen exactly when the string contains regular quotation character and doesn't contain apostrophe-quote character.)

Parameters:

s - The value that should be converted to an FTL string literal whose evaluated value equals to s

Since:

2.3.22

isFTLIdentifierStart
```
public static boolean isFTLIdentifierStart(char c)
```
Tells if a character can occur on the beginning of an FTL identifier expression (without escaping).

Since:

2.3.22

isFTLIdentifierPart
```
public static boolean isFTLIdentifierPart(char c)
```
Tells if a character can occur in an FTL identifier expression (without escaping) as other than the first character.

Since:

2.3.22

javaStringEnc
```
public static String javaStringEnc(String s)
```
Escapes the String with the escaping rules of Java language string literals, so it's safe to insert the value into a string literal. The resulting string will not be quoted.
All characters under UCS code point 0x20 will be escaped. Where they have no dedicated escape sequence in Java, they will be replaced with hexadecimal escape (\uXXXX).

See Also:

jQuote(String)

javaScriptStringEnc
```
public static String javaScriptStringEnc(String s)
```
Escapes a String to be safely insertable into a JavaScript string literal; for more see jsStringEnc(s, false).

jsonStringEnc
```
public static String jsonStringEnc(String s)
```
Escapes a String to be safely insertable into a JSON string literal; for more see jsStringEnc(s, true).

jsStringEnc

public static String jsStringEnc(String s,
                                 boolean json)

Escapes a String to be safely insertable into a JavaScript or a JSON string literal. The resulting string will not be quoted; the caller must ensure that they are there in the final output. Note that for JSON, the quotation marks must be ", not ', because JSON doesn't escape '.

The escaping rules guarantee that if the inside of the literal is from one or more touching sections of strings escaped with this, no character sequence will occur that closes the string literal or has special meaning in HTML/XML that can terminate the script section. (If, however, the escaped section is preceded by or followed by strings from other sources, this can't be guaranteed in some rare cases. Like x = "</${a?js_string}" might closes the "script" element if a is is "script>".) The escaped characters are:

Input	Output
`"`	`\"`
`'` if not in JSON-mode	`\'`
`\`	`\\`
`/` if the method can't know that it won't be directly after `<`	`\/`
`>` if the method can't know that it won't be directly after `]]` or `--`	JavaScript: `\>`; JSON: `\u003E`
`<` if the method can't know that it won't be directly followed by `!` or `?`	`\u003C`
u0000-u001f (UNICODE control characters - disallowed by JSON) u007f-u009f (UNICODE control characters - disallowed by JSON)	`\n`, `\r` and such, or if there's no such dedicated escape: JavaScript: `\xXX`, JSON: `\uXXXX`
u2028 (Line separator - source code line-break in ECMAScript) u2029 (Paragraph separator - source code line-break in ECMAScript)	`\uXXXX`

Since:: 2.3.20

parseNameValuePairList
```
public static Map parseNameValuePairList(String s,
                                         String defaultValue)
                                  throws ParseException
```
Parses a name-value pair list, where the pairs are separated with comma, and the name and value is separated with colon. The keys and values can contain only letters, digits and _. They can't be quoted. White-space around the keys and values are ignored. The value can be omitted if defaultValue is not null. When a value is omitted, then the colon after the key must be omitted as well. The same key can't be used for multiple times.

Parameters:

s - the string to parse. For example: "strong:100, soft:900".

defaultValue - the value used when the value is omitted in a key-value pair.

Returns:

the map that contains the name-value pairs.

Throws:

ParseException - if the string is not a valid name-value pair list.

isXMLID
```
public static boolean isXMLID(String name)
```
Returns:

whether the name is a valid XML tagname. (This routine might only be 99% accurate. Should maybe REVISIT)

matchesName

public static boolean matchesName(String qname,
                                  String nodeName,
                                  String nsURI,
                                  Environment env)

Returns:: whether the qname matches the combination of nodeName, nsURI, and environment prefix settings.

leftPad
```
public static String leftPad(String s,
                             int minLength)
```
Pads the string at the left with spaces until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string.

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

leftPad
```
public static String leftPad(String s,
                             int minLength,
                             char filling)
```
Pads the string at the left with the specified character until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string.

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

filling - the filling pattern.

leftPad
```
public static String leftPad(String s,
                             int minLength,
                             String filling)
```
Pads the string at the left with a filling pattern until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string. For example: leftPad('ABC', 9, '1234') returns "123412ABC".

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

filling - the filling pattern. Must be at least 1 characters long. Can't be null.

rightPad
```
public static String rightPad(String s,
                              int minLength)
```
Pads the string at the right with spaces until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string.

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

rightPad
```
public static String rightPad(String s,
                              int minLength,
                              char filling)
```
Pads the string at the right with the specified character until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string.

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

filling - the filling pattern.

rightPad
```
public static String rightPad(String s,
                              int minLength,
                              String filling)
```
Pads the string at the right with a filling pattern until it reaches the desired length. If the string is longer than this length, then it returns the unchanged string. For example: rightPad('ABC', 9, '1234') returns "ABC412341". Note that the filling pattern is started as if you overlay "123412341" with the left-aligned "ABC", so it starts with "4".

Parameters:

s - the string that will be padded.

minLength - the length to reach.

filling - the filling pattern. Must be at least 1 characters long. Can't be null.

versionStringToInt
```
public static int versionStringToInt(String version)
```
Converts a version number string to an integer for easy comparison. The version number must start with numbers separated with dots. There can be any number of such dot-separated numbers, but only the first three will be considered. After the numbers arbitrary text can follow, and will be ignored. The string will be trimmed before interpretation.

Returns:

major * 1000000 + minor * 1000 + micro

tryToString
```
public static String tryToString(Object object)
```
Tries to run toString(), but if that fails, returns a "[com.example.SomeClass.toString() failed: " + e + "]" instead. Also, it returns null for null parameter.

Since:

2.3.20

toUpperABC
```
public static String toUpperABC(int n)
```
Converts 1, 2, 3 and so forth to "A", "B", "C" and so fort. When reaching "Z", it continues like "AA", "AB", etc. The lowest supported number is 1, but there's no upper limit.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If the argument is 0 or less.

Since:

2.3.22

toLowerABC
```
public static String toLowerABC(int n)
```
Same as toUpperABC(int), but produces lower case result, like "ab".

Since:

2.3.22

trim
```
public static char[] trim(char[] cs)
```
Behaves exactly like String.trim(), but works on arrays. If the resulting array would have the same content after trimming, it returns the original array instance. Otherwise it returns a new array instance (or CollectionUtils.EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY).

Since:

2.3.22

isTrimmableToEmpty
```
public static boolean isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text)
```
Tells if String.trim() will return a 0-length string for the String equivalent of the argument.

Since:

2.3.22

isTrimmableToEmpty
```
public static boolean isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text,
                                         int start)
```
Like isTrimmableToEmpty(char[]), but acts on a sub-array that starts at start (inclusive index).

Since:

2.3.23

isTrimmableToEmpty

public static boolean isTrimmableToEmpty(char[] text,
                                         int start,
                                         int end)

Like isTrimmableToEmpty(char[]), but acts on a sub-array that starts at start (inclusive index) and ends at end (exclusive index).

Since:: 2.3.23

Class StringUtil

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

StringUtil

Method Detail

HTMLEnc

XMLEnc

XHTMLEnc

XMLEncNA

XMLEncQAttr

XMLEncNQG

RTFEnc

URLEnc

URLPathEnc

FTLStringLiteralEnc

FTLStringLiteralEnc

FTLStringLiteralDec

deduceLocale

capitalize

getYesNo

split

split

replace

replace

chomp

emptyToNull

jQuote

jQuote

jQuoteNoXSS

jQuoteNoXSS

ftlQuote

isFTLIdentifierStart

isFTLIdentifierPart

javaStringEnc

javaScriptStringEnc

jsonStringEnc

jsStringEnc

parseNameValuePairList

isXMLID

matchesName

leftPad

leftPad

leftPad

rightPad

rightPad

rightPad

versionStringToInt

tryToString

toUpperABC

toLowerABC

trim

isTrimmableToEmpty

isTrimmableToEmpty

isTrimmableToEmpty