edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent

Class SynchronousQueue

java.lang.Object

java.util.AbstractCollection

edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractCollection

edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractQueue

edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue

All Implemented Interfaces:

BlockingQueue, Queue, java.io.Serializable, java.lang.Iterable, java.util.Collection

public class SynchronousQueue
extends AbstractQueue
implements BlockingQueue, java.io.Serializable

A blocking queue in which each insert operation must wait for a corresponding remove operation by another thread, and vice versa. A synchronous queue does not have any internal capacity, not even a capacity of one. You cannot peek at a synchronous queue because an element is only present when you try to remove it; you cannot insert an element (using any method) unless another thread is trying to remove it; you cannot iterate as there is nothing to iterate. The head of the queue is the element that the first queued inserting thread is trying to add to the queue; if there is no such queued thread then no element is available for removal and poll() will return null. For purposes of other Collection methods (for example contains), a SynchronousQueue acts as an empty collection. This queue does not permit null elements.

Synchronous queues are similar to rendezvous channels used in CSP and Ada. They are well suited for handoff designs, in which an object running in one thread must sync up with an object running in another thread in order to hand it some information, event, or task.

This class supports an optional fairness policy for ordering waiting producer and consumer threads. By default, this ordering is not guaranteed. However, a queue constructed with fairness set to true grants threads access in FIFO order. Fairness generally decreases throughput but reduces variability and avoids starvation.

This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the Collection and Iterator interfaces.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:

1.5

Author:

Doug Lea

See Also:

Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
SynchronousQueue() Creates a SynchronousQueue with nonfair access policy.
SynchronousQueue(boolean fair) Creates a SynchronousQueue with specified fairness policy.

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	clear() Does nothing.
boolean	contains(java.lang.Object o) Always returns false.
boolean	containsAll(java.util.Collection c) Returns false unless the given collection is empty.
int	drainTo(java.util.Collection c) Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
int	drainTo(java.util.Collection c, int maxElements) Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
boolean	isEmpty() Always returns true.
java.util.Iterator	iterator() Returns an empty iterator in which hasNext always returns false.
boolean	offer(java.lang.Object e) Inserts the specified element into this queue, if another thread is waiting to receive it.
boolean	offer(java.lang.Object e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) Inserts the specified element into this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for another thread to receive it.
java.lang.Object	peek() Always returns null.
java.lang.Object	poll() Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, if another thread is currently making an element available.
java.lang.Object	poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time, for another thread to insert it.
void	put(java.lang.Object e) Adds the specified element to this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to receive it.
int	remainingCapacity() Always returns zero.
boolean	remove(java.lang.Object o) Always returns false.
boolean	removeAll(java.util.Collection c) Always returns false.
boolean	retainAll(java.util.Collection c) Always returns false.
int	size() Always returns zero.
java.lang.Object	take() Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to insert it.
java.lang.Object[]	toArray() Returns a zero-length array.
java.lang.Object[]	toArray(java.lang.Object[] a) Sets the zeroeth element of the specified array to null (if the array has non-zero length) and returns it.

Methods inherited from class edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.AbstractQueue

add, addAll, element, remove

Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractCollection

toString

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Methods inherited from interface edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue

add

Methods inherited from interface edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.Queue

element, remove

Methods inherited from interface java.util.Collection

addAll, equals, hashCode

Constructor Detail

SynchronousQueue

public SynchronousQueue()

Creates a SynchronousQueue with nonfair access policy.

SynchronousQueue

public SynchronousQueue(boolean fair)

Creates a SynchronousQueue with specified fairness policy.

Parameters:

fair - if true, threads contend in FIFO order for access; otherwise the order is unspecified.

Method Detail

put

public void put(java.lang.Object e)
         throws java.lang.InterruptedException

Adds the specified element to this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to receive it.

Specified by:

put in interface BlockingQueue

Parameters:

e - the element to add

Throws:

java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

offer

public boolean offer(java.lang.Object e,
            long timeout,
            TimeUnit unit)
              throws java.lang.InterruptedException

Inserts the specified element into this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for another thread to receive it.

Specified by:

offer in interface BlockingQueue

Parameters:

e - the element to add

timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit

unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter

Returns:

true if successful, or false if the specified waiting time elapses before a consumer appears.

Throws:

java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

take

public java.lang.Object take()
                      throws java.lang.InterruptedException

Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary for another thread to insert it.

Specified by:

take in interface BlockingQueue

Returns:

the head of this queue

Throws:

java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

poll

public java.lang.Object poll(long timeout,
                    TimeUnit unit)
                      throws java.lang.InterruptedException

Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time, for another thread to insert it.

Specified by:

poll in interface BlockingQueue

Parameters:

timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit

unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter

Returns:

the head of this queue, or null if the specified waiting time elapses before an element is present.

Throws:

java.lang.InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

offer

public boolean offer(java.lang.Object e)

Inserts the specified element into this queue, if another thread is waiting to receive it.

Specified by:

offer in interface BlockingQueue

Specified by:

offer in interface Queue

Parameters:

e - the element to add

Returns:

true if the element was added to this queue, else false

Throws:

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

poll

public java.lang.Object poll()

Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, if another thread is currently making an element available.

Specified by:

poll in interface Queue

Returns:

the head of this queue, or null if no element is available.

isEmpty

public boolean isEmpty()

Always returns true. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

isEmpty in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

isEmpty in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Returns:

true

size

public int size()

Always returns zero. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

size in interface java.util.Collection

Specified by:

size in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Returns:

zero

remainingCapacity

public int remainingCapacity()

Always returns zero. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

remainingCapacity in interface BlockingQueue

Returns:

zero

clear

public void clear()

Does nothing. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

clear in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

clear in class AbstractQueue

contains

public boolean contains(java.lang.Object o)

Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

contains in interface BlockingQueue

Specified by:

contains in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

contains in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Parameters:

o - object to be checked for containment in this queue

Returns:

false

remove

public boolean remove(java.lang.Object o)

Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

remove in interface BlockingQueue

Specified by:

remove in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

remove in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Parameters:

o - the element to remove

Returns:

false

containsAll

public boolean containsAll(java.util.Collection c)

Returns false unless the given collection is empty. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

containsAll in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

containsAll in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Parameters:

c - the collection

Returns:

false unless the given collection is empty

Throws:

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null

removeAll

public boolean removeAll(java.util.Collection c)

Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

removeAll in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

removeAll in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Parameters:

c - the collection

Returns:

false

retainAll

public boolean retainAll(java.util.Collection c)

Always returns false. A SynchronousQueue has no internal capacity.

Specified by:

retainAll in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

retainAll in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Parameters:

c - the collection

Returns:

false

peek

public java.lang.Object peek()

Always returns null. A SynchronousQueue does not return elements unless actively waited on.

Specified by:

peek in interface Queue

Returns:

null

iterator

public java.util.Iterator iterator()

Returns an empty iterator in which hasNext always returns false.

Specified by:

iterator in interface java.lang.Iterable

Specified by:

iterator in interface java.util.Collection

Specified by:

iterator in class java.util.AbstractCollection

Returns:

an empty iterator

toArray

public java.lang.Object[] toArray()

Returns a zero-length array.

Specified by:

toArray in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

toArray in class AbstractCollection

Returns:

a zero-length array

toArray

public java.lang.Object[] toArray(java.lang.Object[] a)

Sets the zeroeth element of the specified array to null (if the array has non-zero length) and returns it.

Specified by:

toArray in interface java.util.Collection

Overrides:

toArray in class AbstractCollection

Parameters:

a - the array

Returns:

the specified array

Throws:

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified array is null

drainTo

public int drainTo(java.util.Collection c)

Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue

Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. This operation may be more efficient than repeatedly polling this queue. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:

drainTo in interface BlockingQueue

Parameters:

c - the collection to transfer elements into

Returns:

the number of elements transferred

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection

java.lang.ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

drainTo

public int drainTo(java.util.Collection c,
          int maxElements)

Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue

Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:

drainTo in interface BlockingQueue

Parameters:

c - the collection to transfer elements into

maxElements - the maximum number of elements to transfer

Returns:

the number of elements transferred

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection

java.lang.ClassCastException - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

java.lang.NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection